Free Essays on Evolution Versus Religion

â€Å"Did god create humanity in His own image and likeness, or was our species itself the product of physical change and adaption neither more nor less the rocks, plants, animals of this planet?† What do you think? And what are the hallmarks of humanity? Among philosophers, theologists, geologists, archeologists, paleontologists, and all of the other -ers and -ists that study and attempt to explain the many theories of evolution-people, or â€Å"homo sapiens,† have struggled in agreement on accepting and proving one certain truth. Instead, we fathom the possibilities. In comparison to the scale of the beginnings of the earth, about four and a half billion years ago, the existence of humans is thought to be merely momentary. And as long as humans have had the brainpower to think, they have contemplated their own existence. The scientific study of human ancestry began with the creation myth-stories attempting to explain the mystery of our beginning. In Europe the Judeo-Christian was tradition was the superior belief. â€Å"According to a myth recorded in Genesis, the earth and everything on it (including the first people, Adam and Eve) were created by God over the course of seven days. In contrast to the Judeo-Christian belief that God created humanity, beginning in the eighteenth century, many scientists began to question the validity of the biblical creation myth and argued and contested newer theories. Charles Darwin, one of the most renown theorist of evolution, published his work, On the Origins of Species, in 1985. His central theme, â€Å"biological evolution,† theorized that one species of plant or animal can and did change into another over vast periods of time. â€Å"Darwin argued that the great diversity of modern life all derived from a single, primitive, early species and that human beings evolved from ape-like ancestors.† He developed, also, his theory based on his concept, â€Å"survival of the fittest†-â€Å"the idea that i... Free Essays on Evolution Versus Religion Free Essays on Evolution Versus Religion â€Å"Did god create humanity in His own image and likeness, or was our species itself the product of physical change and adaption neither more nor less the rocks, plants, animals of this planet?† What do you think? And what are the hallmarks of humanity? Among philosophers, theologists, geologists, archeologists, paleontologists, and all of the other -ers and -ists that study and attempt to explain the many theories of evolution-people, or â€Å"homo sapiens,† have struggled in agreement on accepting and proving one certain truth. Instead, we fathom the possibilities. In comparison to the scale of the beginnings of the earth, about four and a half billion years ago, the existence of humans is thought to be merely momentary. And as long as humans have had the brainpower to think, they have contemplated their own existence. The scientific study of human ancestry began with the creation myth-stories attempting to explain the mystery of our beginning. In Europe the Judeo-Christian was tradition was the superior belief. â€Å"According to a myth recorded in Genesis, the earth and everything on it (including the first people, Adam and Eve) were created by God over the course of seven days. In contrast to the Judeo-Christian belief that God created humanity, beginning in the eighteenth century, many scientists began to question the validity of the biblical creation myth and argued and contested newer theories. Charles Darwin, one of the most renown theorist of evolution, published his work, On the Origins of Species, in 1985. His central theme, â€Å"biological evolution,† theorized that one species of plant or animal can and did change into another over vast periods of time. â€Å"Darwin argued that the great diversity of modern life all derived from a single, primitive, early species and that human beings evolved from ape-like ancestors.† He developed, also, his theory based on his concept, â€Å"survival of the fittest†-â€Å"the idea that i...

Huygens Principle of Diffraction

Huygens Principle of Diffraction Huygens principle of wave analysis helps you understand the movements of waves around objects. The behavior of waves can sometimes be counterintuitive. Its easy to think about waves as if they just move in a straight line, but we have good evidence that this is often simply not true. For example, if someone shouts, the sound spreads out in all directions from that person. But if theyre in a kitchen with only one door and they shout, the wave heading toward the door into the dining room goes through that door, but the rest of the sound hits the wall. If the dining room is L-shaped, and someone is in a living room that is around a corner and through another door, they will still hear the shout. If the sound were moving in a straight line from the person who shouted, this would be impossible because thered be no way for the sound to move around the corner. This question was tackled by  Christiaan Huygens (1629-1695), a man who was also known for the creation of some of the  first mechanical clocks  and his work in this area had an influence on Sir Isaac Newton  as he developed his particle theory of light. Huygens Principle Definition The Huygens principle of wave analysis  basically states that: Every point of a wave front may be considered the source of secondary wavelets that spread out in all directions with a speed equal to the speed of propagation of the waves.What this means is that when you have a wave, you can view the edge of the wave as actually creating a series of circular waves. These waves combine together in most cases to just continue the propagation, but in some cases there are significant observable effects. The wavefront can be viewed as the line tangent to all of these circular waves. These results can be obtained separately from Maxwells equations, though Huygens principle (which came first) is a useful model and is often convenient for calculations of wave phenomena. It is intriguing that Huygens work preceded that of James Clerk Maxwell by about two centuries, and yet seemed to anticipate it, without the solid theoretical basis that Maxwell provided. Amperes law and Faradays law predict that every point in an electromagnetic wave acts as a source of the continuing wave, which is perfectly in line with Huygens analysis. Huygens Principle and Diffraction When light goes through an aperture (an opening within a barrier), every point of the light wave within the aperture can be viewed as creating a circular wave which propagates outward from the aperture. The aperture, therefore, is treated as creating a new wave source, which propagates in the form of a circular wavefront. The center of the wavefront has greater intensity, with a fading of intensity as the edges are approached. It explains the diffraction observed, and why the light through an aperture does not create a perfect image of the aperture on a screen. The edges spread out based on this principle. An example of this principle at work is common to everyday life. If someone is in another room and calls towards  you, the sound seems to be coming from the doorway (unless you have very thin walls). Huygens Principle and Reflection/Refraction The laws of reflection and refraction can both be derived from Huygens principle. Points along the wavefront are treated as sources along the surface of the refractive medium, at which point the overall wave bends based upon the new medium. The effect of both reflection and refraction is to change the direction of the independent waves that are emitted by the point sources. The results of the rigorous calculations are identical to what is obtained from Newtons geometric optics (such as Snells law of refraction), which was derived under  a particle principle of light- although Newtons method is less elegant in its explanation of diffraction. Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.